NFS1 Antibody / Cysteine desulfurase, 100 ug

NFS1 antibody detects Cysteine desulfurase, a mitochondrial enzyme encoded by the NFS1 gene on chromosome 20q11.22. NFS1 is essential for the biosynthesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters, which serve as cofactors for a wide range of enzymes involved in electron transport, metabolic catalysis, and DNA repair. NFS1 catalyzes the conversion of L-cysteine to alanine, providing sulfur atoms for Fe-S cluster assembly within the mitochondrial matrix. This reaction represents the first committed step of Fe-S cluster formation, fundamental to mitochondrial respiration and cellular energy metabolism.

Structurally, NFS1 is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that functions as a homodimer. It forms a core part of the Fe-S cluster assembly complex with ISCU (scaffold protein), ISD11, ACP (acyl carrier protein), and FXN (Frataxin). NFS1 donates sulfur from cysteine via a persulfide intermediate, which is transferred to ISCU for subsequent cluster assembly. The protein belongs to the cysteine desulfurase family, conserved across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Co-localization studies show NFS1 residing in the mitochondrial matrix, where it coexists with other Fe-S biosynthesis factors such as ISCU and FXN.

Functionally, NFS1 supports the biogenesis of Fe-S cluster-dependent enzymes including aconitase, succinate dehydrogenase, and DNA polymerase complexes. It plays a key role in oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and cellular redox homeostasis. In addition to mitochondrial roles, NFS1 also provides sulfur for cytosolic Fe-S protein assembly via the iron-sulfur cluster export machinery. Known interaction partners include ISD11, FXN, and NUBP2, which together ensure the stability and efficiency of sulfur transfer and cluster formation.

Dysregulation or mutation of NFS1 disrupts Fe-S cluster biogenesis and results in severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Deficiency causes combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 20 (COXPD20), characterized by lactic acidosis, developmental delay, and myopathy. In cancer, altered NFS1 expression influences metabolic reprogramming and redox balance. Pathway associations include iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial sulfur metabolism. Expression of NFS1 is particularly high in metabolically active tissues such as heart, liver, and skeletal muscle.

The NFS1 antibody from NSJ Bioreagents is a reliable reagent for research on mitochondrial biogenesis, redox regulation, and metabolic enzyme assembly.