COX4I2 polyclonal antibody

The cytochrome c oxidase (COX) family of proteins function as the final electron donor in the respiratory chain to drive a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, ultimately resulting in the production of water. The mammalian COX apoenzyme is a dimer, with each monomer consisting of 13 subunits, some of which are mitochondrial and some of which are nuclear. Cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX4) is a nuclear-encoded subunit of COX that may play a role in regulating COX activity. COX4 is expressed ubiquitously in adult human tissue with the strongest levels of expression in the pancreas and moderate expression levels in heart, skeletal muscle and placenta. Two isoforms exist for COX4, namely COX4I1 and COX4I2, and they are encoded by two different genes. COX4I2 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2), also known as COX4B, COX4-2, COX4L2 or COXIV-2, is the less common isoform and is incorporated into the COX apoenzyme under hypoxic conditions to optimize COX activity.