{"product_id":"new-product-223099","title":"GSK3α\/β (Phospho-Y216\/Y279) polyclonal antibody","description":"\u003cp\u003eGlycogen synthase kinase-3α (GSK-3α) and GSK-3β are highly similar isoforms of serine\/ threonine kinases that regulate metabolic enzymes and transcription factors, which are responsible for coordinating processes such as glycogen synthesis and cell adhesion. GSK-3β activity is also required for nuclear activity of Rel dimers, which mediate an anti-apoptotic response to TNFα in mice. GSK-3 catalytic kinase activity is controlled through differential phosphorylation of serine\/threonine residues, which have an inhibitory effect, and tyrosine residues, which have an activating effect. Growth factor stimulation of mammalian cells expressing GSK-3α and GSK-3β induces phosphorylation of Ser 21 and Ser 9, respectively, through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K)-protein kinase B (PKB)-dependent pathway, thereby enhancing proliferative signals. Additionally, GSK-3 physically associates with cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates Ser 21 of GSK-3α or Ser 9 of GSK-3β and inactivates both forms. GSK-3α\/β is positively regulated by phosphorylation on Tyr 279 and Tyr 216, respectively. Activated GSK-3α\/β participates in energy metabolism, neuronal cell development, and body pattern formation. Tyrosine dephosphorylation of GSK-3 is involved in its extracellular signal-dependent inactivation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bioworld","offers":[{"title":"100ul \/ Rabbit \/ Human, Mouse, Rat","offer_id":47661517504792,"sku":"BS94064","price":448.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0590\/5652\/1400\/products\/BIOWORLD_7d05bbc8-0597-4d91-b3ee-771530173fb7.jpg?v=1707457570","url":"https:\/\/danabiosci.com\/products\/new-product-223099","provider":"Dana Bioscience","version":"1.0","type":"link"}