Type I Interferons (IFNs) are the first line of defense against pathogens and serve as both qualitative and quantitative markers of innate and adaptive immune responses. IFNs are used therapeutically in several diseases, and aberrant IFN signaling contributes to the pathology of many others.
In studying these conditions, mouse models play a critical role in elucidating disease mechanisms and assessing therapeutic efficacy. Both spontaneous and induced mouse models are widely utilized in immunological research.
Clinical Relevance of Mouse Models
IFN-beta remains the standard of care for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)systems biology and mathematical modeling have enhanced translational applications from mice to human disease prediction.
Mouse Models of MS
The Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model has revealed the role of Th17 cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in IFN-beta-mediated immunoregulation. Approaches such as MSC therapy and noninflammatory mRNA vaccines show promising therapeutic potential.
Mouse Models of Lupus
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by overactive type I IFN signaling. Models such as NZB/W F1, MRL/lpr, and BXSB/Yaa, as well as pristane-induced and humanized models, provide insight into lupus nephritis and neuropsychiatric lupus mechanisms.
Mouse Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA) mimics autoimmune cartilage damage and highlights the roles of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and biomarkers such as rituximab non-responsiveness in RA patients.
Mouse Models of Asthma
Asthma models driven by Th2 cells use ovalbumin-based antigens to simulate airway hyperresponsiveness. IFNs may inhibit Th2 differentiation, revealing therapeutic potential.
Mouse Models of IBD
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are associated with IFN-beta dysregulation and Nod2 mutations. Common inducers include TNBS, DSS, and oxazolone.
Type I Diabetes Mouse Model
NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice exhibit T1D pathology through IFN-inducible genes. They are also used to study Sjögren’s syndrome.
Emerging Research
RSAD2 has been identified as a pathogenic gene in pregnancy-associated lupus. L-chicoric acid (LCA) is under investigation as an RSAD2 inhibitor. Meanwhile, SARS-CoV-2 mouse models highlight inflammatory IFN signaling in viral infections.
VeriKine-HS Mouse IFN ELISA Kits
Essential Tools for IFN-Associated Disease Research
Recent progress in mouse models of interferon-associated diseases underscores the importance of precise type I IFN quantification for understanding disease mechanisms and evaluating therapies. PBL Assay Science offers a robust solution with the VeriKine-HS Mouse IFN ELISA Kits.
Key Performance Features:
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Comprehensive Detection:
VeriKine-HS Mouse IFN-Alpha All-Subtype ELISA detects all 14 subtypes of mouse IFN-alpha at low pg/ml levels—far exceeding the capabilities of standard kits. -
Superior Sensitivity:
IFN-Alpha: 2.38 pg/ml
IFN-Beta: 0.94 pg/ml
These LLOQs offer 7-fold and 16-fold greater sensitivity compared to other ELISA assays.
Conclusion
Mouse models remain indispensable tools in autoimmunity and immunotherapy research. As humanized models and systems biology approaches mature, accurate IFN quantification will continue to drive progress toward predictive and personalized therapies.